Rimfire .22LR is not a wise defense choice for a beginner*
For many of you out there, the statement “Rimfire .22LR Is Not A Wise Defense Choice” will probably elicit a response like “no kidding, Captain Obvious!”.
I can’t think of a single reputable weapons trainer or organization that would say a rimfire .22LR round is their first choice in any self-defense situation.
So why this article? Because every day I see people who are new to prepping and firearms talking about purchasing their first gun, and I see other well-meaning folks advising them to buy a .22 firearm, often a long-gun like a Ruger 10/22.
If this is the only gun a person owns, then it’s the only gun they will have available for personal defense… and in my eyes, that’s a problem.
Additionally, we get a lot of readers here at 3BY who are new to prepping and just exploring gun ownership for the first time.
Let’s take a look at the numbers
I really couldn’t find any good statistical sources for self-defense by caliber, so instead I decided to look at the “bad guy” side of things and examine crime statistics by caliber.
When we look at the statistics of the calibers used in gun violence, there’s a significant number of rimfire .22LR incidents. Over 14 percent of the total shootings in a report of crime in Boston, MA were done with rimfire .22LR rounds.
Of course, that means that about 86 percent were NOT rimfire gun incidents, but 14 percent is still a pretty significant number.
Here’s a graphic from the linked report that shows in great detail the guns used in Boston during that time period:
The key takeaway from the graph above? Look at the lethal stats of .22 caliber as compared to 9mm. Twenty shootings with the rimfire round, six fatalities vs. 115 shootings with 9mm giving 65 fatalities. The next number to look at is the .45 caliber, where of the 36 people shot, 24 of them died.
Size matters – big rounds make dead assailants
Big bullets hit with a lot more energy, and that impact energy causes trauma.
If you pull the trigger and shoot somebody with a gun, then your goal should be to cause enough trauma to end the situation safely for you… call it “knock down” power, call it expansive wound cavity, the goal is to stop the person who’s attack you cold.
While a .22LR rimfire round most certainly can be lethal to human-sized targets, and it can (in fact) have very good penetration, the energy of impact just doesn’t compare to larger self defense rounds like 9mm, .40 S&W, .45 ACP, .357 Magnum, etc. rounds.
The “which caliber is best for self defense handguns” debate
There’s a huge debate that rages in the firearms community about which caliber is the best choice for personal protection handguns.
The arguments between .380, 9mm, .40, .45 and 10mm generally include comparisons of impact energy, wound track, penetration, conceal ability, felt recoil & muzzle rise, number of rounds in a magazine, .etc.
Know what’s not included in those arguments? Any rimfire round, including the ubiquitous .22LR.
Let’s list some reasons .22LR rimfire is a poor self defense choice
Let’s get right to the specifics.
- Rimfire ammunition simply isn’t as reliable as center fire ammunition.
- The raised rims of the shells makes them much more likely to jam
- While some .22LR rimfire ammo offers good penetration, bullet expansion is quite limited
- Some .22LR doesn’t offer good penetration at all
Reliability, to me, is the number one key thing when it comes to a self-defense firearm. If you need to stop somebody with your gun, then that weapon must go BANG every single time you pull the trigger.
In my experience, it .22LR rimfire just doesn’t do that.
Not all .22LR rimfire is created equal… nor are all .22LR guns…
Of course, not all ammunition is made equal, and .22LR rounds are certainly one size of ammo that has a huge variance in the quality of the shells.
There are dirt-cheap .22LR rounds and there are premium rounds as well, and there’s a whole lot of “somewhere in the middle” types of ammo as well.
Obviously, some guns are better than others. I’ve owned .22LR handguns that wouldn’t feed 5 bullets in a row, and I’ve owned some that will shoot all day with no gun-caused problems at all. My personal rule of thumb when it comes to buying a .22LR handgun is to always buy new. You never know why the last person who owned the gun is selling it (you can ask, but you never REALLY know…)
As far as the ammo goes, we are going to be taking a hard look at different types of ammunition in a future series of articles, and I’m going to be comparing and contrasting.
*Did you notice the * on the first headline?
This is where I drop in my caveat… two critical words in that headline is “for beginners”.
Some extremely experienced users choose the .22LR round as one of their primary self defense systems because they believe (and rightly so) that accuracy is far more important when it comes to stopping somebody than “stopping power” is.
Accuracy is key, and the light recoil and the ability most people have of being able to keep the gun muzzle pointed on target is one of the reasons (other than cost) that the .22LR is a great training round.
Right now, Spice is going through a training program with her S&W M&P 22 handgun, working on both double-taps and accurately moving between targets.
Having said all of this, beginners are simply not going to be accurate with a hand gun.
If I WERE to use a .22LR for self defense, though…
There are times I do actually carry a rimfire gun as my sole self defense firearm, generally when I am wearing a t-shirt and lightweight shorts, and there’s just no way to conceal anything else. I carry a North American .22 Magnum revolver, the type that folds into it’s own pocket holster.
https://beansbulletsbandagesandyou.com/bullets/2017/09/23/saltys-gun-review-north-american-arms-22-magnum-convertible-wholster-grip/
I think if you are going to carry a .22LR for whatever reason as a normal, everyday gun, carrying a nine-round revolver and using hot ammunition like CCI Stingers is the best choice. Lots of shots, good penetration ammunition and even if you get a misfire you can still keep firing… the gun won’t jam.
https://beansbulletsbandagesandyou.com/bullets/2019/04/20/taurus-tx22-inexpensive-prepper-training-handgun/
https://beansbulletsbandagesandyou.com/bullets/2019/04/13/bore-sight-a-top-gun-prep/
https://beansbulletsbandagesandyou.com/bullets/2019/04/09/two-great-prepper-training-guns/
Salty what is your opinion on the Remington Thunderbolt 22 LR ammo. For hunting? For training for larger weapons? Simple tin can target practice? In my limited use of Thunderbolt I found it very dirty best used for bolt action guns, maybe revolvers.
As far as the 22 LR for self defense I prefer it to harsh words. Better what is at hand than what is in the weapons locker. A 22 LR or 22 WMR rifle with good ammo is nothing I would want shot at me. From my research and actual usage a 22 Mag rifle has the same basic power as a 38 Special pistol bullet. I know that poachers have found it very effective in dropping turkeys and deer so…
If your planning on working in your homestead post SHTF UNLESS your planning on over watch designated shooters (GOOD Idea BTW) a 22 Rifle with a good sling will not hamper your ability to work and still have some self defense. A condom over the muzzle will keep it clear from crud. For garden pests a 22 revolver works great as a pocket gun as I’ve had bad issues with pocket lint etc. jamming small semi-auto pistols. Revolvers give you a chance to use some 22 Short for quieter pest removal as well as full power ammo when the extra noise is not as important as STOPPING that sick looking animal.
Just my humble experiences your mileage may vary.
It is dirty, there’s no question about it… but it goes bang most of the time and we clean our guns after every shooting, so I would class it as normal, every day bulk ammo about the same as Golden Bullets or Federal bulk. I’ve not had much jamming problems with it, but some falilure to fire.
In the shooting session (this last Sunday) where these pictures were taken, we had one that failed to fire and stuck a little in the barrel of the S&W 22 seen in the picture. By then the gun was good and dirty. Spice had probably shot 750 rounds, and it was right at the end.
Why did I choose Thunderbolts? The gun shop had them on sale for $14 a box when I was there Friday.
I’m a much bigger fan of CCI Mini-Mags & Stingers, the whole three-cents-per-round thing with those Thunderbolts has a quality all it’s own.
We shoot a lot of that Thunderbolt because it’s so cheap. It is dirty. Some semi-autos will take it, some won’t … it’s one way to detect which semi-autos are generous about accepting cheap ammo. When I’m working alone at The Place I carry my Glock 9mm. I’ve a tool belt complete with holster to keep it from getting plant gunk in it. The garden pests are generally not out in the middle of the day when I’m working anyway; the thing I’m most likely to have to shoot would be a rabid animal. A hostile human is also possible, although even more unlikely. I wouldn’t shoot either one unless it was a clear and present danger, so short range defense is fine.
Spice and Salty I did some checking on the Thunderbolt and was mildly surprised how well it compared to CCI Mini Mags (my personal favorite). I am going to pick up some ASAP to test for accuracy. When I speak of a easy to carry work gun post SHTF (or as I use it today pest removal) I will start with a last year story. I was working in the garden when my dog made a weirdly scared sound. I looked around and really fast my dog was fleeing a pack of dogs? I was able to snap shoot at 40-75 yards several hits on that dog pack and my dog came back scared but healthy. I suspect with a Pistol I suspect my dog would have been eaten by that pack. Ballistics wise although the 22 is far less a round than the 9mm I prefer the 22 carbine over the 9mm because a zeroed at 50 yards carbine with CCI or Thunderbolts has a bullet drop of 5.5 inches at 100 yards (center of mass Ok) and 20 inches at 150 yards (aim for a Meth heads face hit him in the belly). I am not the best pistol shooter but few shooters I know can hit a man sized target much past 50 yards. Post SHTF even with an over watch designated marksman covering your work teams having the ability to shoot 150 yards effectively seems wise. At least in my location a 200 yard shot is pretty long given vegetation and terrain.
Not the best defense round but pretty handy for a lot of tasks.
I would rather shoot a Ruger 10/22 with an extended magazine with enough rounds to make it hurt and stop a threat. Although this can be considered lethal force, it is unlikely that body shots will be lethal. It is still necessary proving that lethal force was necessary afterwards. However, proof of assailant’s weapon to justify lethal force is still required. A big man will a big club can justify defensive counter action with lethal force, a gun, I would think. The question is whether a gun can be considered the right lethal force reaction. Complicated these days.
Always be cautious of the Man (Person) that has only one firearm, for they probably know how to use it well.
That said I do like the Rugger 1022 with the CCI Stingers. Rides with a standard 10 round mag, with 3 – 25 round mag’s right over there —->
Sure hope like hack I never need to use it for anymore that the critters that bother my Garden and maybe that 4 point Buck I got last year. YES it will take down a deer at 50 yards, one shot, one kill.
KNOW your firearm, and how to use it.
I can think of one other compelling reason which AFAIK was not covered in the text above – .22 LR does not store well in the long term. Case in point, my Dad. He had thousands of rounds of .22 stored away for many years. When he needed to qualify for his concealed carry license, he took his Ruger MkIV and, while on the firing line he discovered that the lead projectiles had oxidized and swelled up with a white crust. They would not chamber at all. He looked through umpteen boxes of the stuff and every single round was corroded…a few thousand useless .22’s. It’s true that the stuff was about 30 years old…but that still isn’t good enough for stockpiling…especially if you are younger and plan on prepping for future decades.
All ammo can corrode if not stored properly. Keeping it away from excessive heat, moisture and oxygen keeps ammo good for decades. Ammo cans are very good but if your budget limits you, recycling washed and dried glass food jars works well. Painting the metal lids would expand lifespan. I bet even peanut butter plastic jars would work well also IF you clean it very well.
I’ve recently used some 22 ammo from my fathers stash that was at least from the 70’s. Nearly perfect. Ammo cans work well.
Michael – I’m not talking ammo in general, I am talking about the projectile of the .22 LR. All lead will oxidize over time. The problem with many .22’s is that they are “naked” lead…and probably pure lead so, regardless of storage conditions, they will eventually turn white and develop a frosty rind of lead oxide. In the case of .22’s, they will not chamber once the outer surface has oxidized. I cannot speak for the copper washed .22’s, but perhaps they may far better during long storage.
Brian thanks for the reply. You are correct once corrosion occurs NO Ammo should be trusted. Not only for difficulty chambering and if you force it who says you can properly clear it and clean up that mess… Gunsmiths are expensive. If ammo is corroded I am suspect that it was improperly stored and even the primers and propellant is to be questioned. Hang fires and such are NOT FUN.
Trying to shoot corroded ammo is a lot like trying to eat a dented BULGING can of food. Not worth the risk of weapons malfunction or food poisoning. When in doubt throw it out is not a bad habit.
Copper washed 22 ammo does fare better in storage than the naked lead 22 ammo. However last year I was shooting up a bunch of my fathers old 22 ammo stash from his ammo can I found mid 70’s naked lead 22 shot just fine. No noticeable amount of oxidation noted. Maybe it had something to do with that packet of desiccant in there? Or perhaps the gasket sealed environment limiting the amount of O2 available for oxidation?
Keep it clean, keep it away from excessive heat, keep it dry and store it inside a ammo can or clean jar and most ammo will be good for decades. Desiccant helps too, that’s why the US Military uses it.
Is 22 long rifle ideal as a defensive round? No..
However let us take into consideration a couple points..
Grid Down…
Advanced Medical Treatment Down
Nobody is going to want to risk being shot.. Mo bullets is Mo better and you can still acquire a nice quantity of mo .22 Long Rifle affordably..
Add some S&W ARs in .22 Long Rifle..to your existing inventory of AR 15s (You do have an existing inventory) At a distance it would be darn hard to tell the difference until they are fired. Mixed into a defensive plan along with regular ARs.. (You might want to put them with less experienced shooters or maybe have asome of your experienced shooters use them for delivering suppressive fires.. In either case they can blast away at the bad guys for quite a while at a high rate of fire and not put a dent in your inventory if you have been diligent in acquiring rounds.. If they have sufficient magazines they can lay one heck of a lot of suppressive fires on a position.. and you can be more precise with a regular AR.. in .556 center fire,
Here is the deal.. against some threats a dozen non military types could put up a pretty stout defense.. Sufficient to encourage the bad guys to look for greener pastures.. Against a committed well organized and supported enemy force…. your toast anyway.. The Zombie popylips types are the more likely threat.. .22 long rifle is sufficient.
Ruger 10/22s in number would be fine as well.. (never a big fan)
Like I said nobody wants to get hit.
.22 long rifle can easily be suppressed… can easily take a deer or other small game.. (You probably should be raising rabbits etc .. not out in the woods hunting to begin with till things settle back down anyway)
Dual use .. Cost effective Training and Operationally sufficient mixed in.
What’s not to love?
Thanks for the comment! Interestingly, unlike most other preppers in the USA, we don’t have any other AR-15 in the inventory, the AR-15 22 is the only one we own. We have a couple of AR-10’s which kinda-sorta look like AR-15’s from a distance but other than that, we are AR free. We use Tavor X95 bullpups as our main defensive carbines, along with the above mentioned AR-10’s. Still, it’s a very good point for most preppers.
Appropriate enough commentary here on the subject, as the other night I was watching a YouTube video a friend sent with comedian Bill Burr as a guest on the Conan O’Brien show. Bill, who coincidentally lives in the above referenced Boston area, was going on and on (on Conan!) as to why “all you need is a .22”. Love his humor, but he should stick to what he knows best, not recommending too light of caliber cartridges to save your life.
This posting sort of reminds me of the unending caliber wars. 45 VS 9 MM, etc. etc. Man’s unending perpetual search for the best gun,,, the best caliber.
I submit there are just 3 factors that will matter in a “gunfight”.
#1.. Shot placement.
#2. Shot placement.
#3. Shot placement
While a 22 LR may not be my first choice in a “defensive caliber”. It certainly is capable. As the old saw goes; A hit with a 22 is better than a miss with a 45,
Purely my outlook. YMMV